Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2014 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 5 Articles
Pharmaceutical research and development aims to design products with ensured safety, quality, and efficacy to treat disease. To\nmake the process more rational, coherent, efficient, and cost-effective, the field of PharmaceuticalMaterials Science has emerged as\nthe systematic study of the physicochemical properties and behavior of materials of pharmaceutical interest in relation to product\nperformance.The oral route is the most patient preferred for drug administration.The presence of a mucus layer that covers the\nentire gastrointestinal tract has been exploited to expand the use of the oral route by developing a mucoadhesive drug delivery\nsystem that showed a prolonged residence time. Alginic acid and sodiumand potassium alginates have emerged as one of the most\nextensively explored mucoadhesive biomaterials owing to very good cytocompatibility and biocompatibility, biodegradation, solgel\ntransition properties, and chemical versatility that make possible further modifications to tailor their properties. The present\nreview overviews the most relevant applications of alginate microparticles and nanoparticles for drug administration by the oral\nroute and discusses the perspectives of this biomaterial in the future...
A modified coaxial electrospinning process was developed for creating drug-loaded composite nanofibers. Using a mixed solvent\nof ethanol and N,N-dimethylacetamide as a sheath fluid, the electrospinning of a codissolving solution of diclofenac sodium (DS)\nand Eudragit L100 (EL100) could run smoothly and continuously without any clogging. A series of analyses were undertaken\nto characterize the resultant nanofibers from both the modified coaxial process and a one-fluid electrospinning in terms of\ntheir morphology, physical form of the components, and their functional performance. Compared with those from the one-fluid\nelectrospinning, the DS-loaded EL100 fibers from the modified coaxial process were rounder and smoother and possessed higher\nquality in terms of diameter and distribution with the DS existing in the EL100 matrix in an amorphous state; they also provided\na better colon-targeted sustained drug release profile with a longer release time period.The modified coaxial process not only can\nsmooth the electrospinning process to prevent clogging of spinneret, but also is a useful tool to tailor the shape of electrospun\nnanofibers and thus endow them improved functions....
When a new oral dosage form is developed, its dissolution behavior must be quantitatively analyzed. Dissolution analysis involves\na comparison of the dissolution profiles and the application of mathematical models to describe the drug release pattern. This\nreport aims to assess the application of the DDSolver, an Excel add-in software package, which is designed to analyze data obtained\nfrom dissolution experiments. The data used in this report were chosen from two dissolution studies. The results of the DDSolver\nanalysis were compared with those obtained using an Excel worksheet. The comparisons among three different products obtained\nsimilarity factors (????2) of 23.21, 46.66, and 17.91 using both DDSolver and the Excel worksheet. The results differed when DDSolver\nand Excel were used to calculate the release exponent ââ?¬Å?????ââ?¬Â in the Korsmeyer-Peppasmodel. Performing routine quantitative analysis\nproved to be much easier using the DDSolver program than an Excel spreadsheet. The use of the DDSolver program reduced the\ncalculation time and has the potential to omit calculation errors, thus making this software package a convenient tool for dissolution\ncomparison....
The drug discovery and development process is an indispensable part of typical research-based pharmaceutical company. At each stage, there will be several activities running in parallel, with the overall objective of discovering a candidate drug and developing it to market as efficiently as possible. At the early stages of formulation optimization, pre-formulation studies are usually conducted to screen excipients or packaging materials and to select those compatible with the candidate drug, using accelerated stress-testing procedures. The final stage of formulation optimization will normally involve generating sufficient stability data on one or more variants to select the best variant. The optimal product will usually be selected on the basis of technical merit. The manufacturing process used during product optimization should be designed with large-scale manufacture in mind. Ideally, the process should be as representative as possible to the eventual commercial-scale manufacture....
To improve the water solubility and dissolution rate, genipin was nanocrystallized by an emulsion solvent evaporation method,\nfollowed by freeze-drying. The optimization condition of nanocrystallization process was carried out by single-factor experiment.\nThe effects of five experimental parameters, such as concentration of surfactants the proportion of water to organic phase,\nhomogenate speed and time, homogenization pressure and times, and the proportion of genipin to lyoprotectants on the mean\nparticle size (MPS) of genipin nanoparticles, were investigated. Under the optimum conditions by single-factor experiments,\ngenipin nanoparticles with an MPS of 59.8nm were obtained. The genipin nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, FTIR,\nXRD, DSC, solvent residue, drug purity test, dissolution testing, and bioavailability analysis. The analysis results indicated that\nthe chemical structure of genipin nanoparticles was unchanged, but the crystallinity was reduced. The solubility of genipin\nnanoparticles was 9.05 times of the raw drug. In addition, the residual amounts of chloroform and ethanol were separately less\nthan the ICH limit for class II, and the oral bioavailability of the genipin nanoparticles powder was 7.99 times of raw genipin.\nAccording to the results above, genipin nanoparticles show the potential application value of its oral absorption....
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